本來有承諾要翻這篇文章的，但很懶~ 拖了很久。
這是一篇很好的文章，有興趣的人可以看看，我英文不太妙，有翻的不好或是錯誤的地方，請指正，我還挺需要的。
原文出處
NEW YORK — As the real world grows more tolerant of differences, the virtual world grows with hatred.
當真實的世界對於彼此的差異性有著越來越多的寬容時，虛擬的世界的仇恨卻增長著。
Complaints against groups on social networking sites that call for threats, violence and hatred toward people who are Jewish, black, gay or have disabilities are on the rise even as Americans celebrate the 19th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the country rallies around its first black president, and gay marriage is legalized in some states.
即使美國人正慶祝反殘疾歧視法法案通過的第19周年，也歡慶著美國的第一個黑人總統，某些州已經承認同性戀婚姻的合法性，但抱怨社交網路上的團體針對猶太人、黑人、同性戀或殘疾人的恫嚇、暴力與憎恨卻仍是與日俱增。
An application on Facebook asks people to answer a quiz so they can see what “famous retard” they are most like. A Maryland police officer hosts a site with more than 100,000 members that tells people to “Stop breaking the law, retard.” In July, a YouTubevideo hosted by “ExecutetheGays1″ provided graphic suggestions about how to kill homosexuals. The site was taken down after five days.
有一個Facebook的程式要用戶進行著問答，如此他們就可以看到”他們最喜歡的出名智障”。一個馬里蘭州的警察經營了超過10萬個會員的網站，他告訴他的會員”不要違法，智障”，在7月份的時候，一個YouTube的暱稱為”處死同志”的人提供了一個影片，裡頭用圖解的方式建議如何殺死同性戀。這個網站在五天後被YouTube給關閉了。
The Anti-Defamation League, which monitors hate speech on the Web, says complaints are up this year more than 200% through July, to 1,512 complaints.”This whole era of cyberhate is one of the biggest challenges we face,” says Deborah Lauter, civil rights director of the league. “We’ve gotten to a place where we made it unacceptable for haters to hate in the public space.” So they turn to the Web, where they can be anonymous.
反毀謗聯盟，一個負責監看網路上憎恨言論的組織，說這類的申訴從今年開始到7月就已經上升了兩倍達到1512件，”虛擬世界的憎恨是當代我們所面對的最大的挑戰之一”，Deborah Lauter 反毀謗聯盟的人權主任如是說，”在真實世界中我們已經可以清楚的釐清仇恨者的憎恨。” 所以他們現在把目標轉移到網路，一個可以匿名的園地。
An offensive word all over the web
一個充斥於網際網路的攻擊性字眼
Hannah Jacobs, 53, a New York mother of two, didn’t know there was so much hatred on the Web about children with disabilities until a recent dinner, when a man sitting next to her used the word “retard.”
Hannah Jacobs，53歲，紐約，一個兩個小孩子的母親，她並不知道現在網路上有這麼多對於殘疾小孩的憎恨，直到最近的晚餐有男人坐她旁邊並用了這個字眼”智障”
“I felt like I was kicked in the stomach,” says Jacobs, a former vice president for Christie’s auction house. She quit her job 10 years ago when she and her husband confirmed that their daughter, Molly, 12, was cognitively impaired. “I went home and Googled the word.”
“我感覺我的肚子好似被踢了一腳”, Jacobs 這位前佳世得拍賣的副總裁說，她在十年前跟她的丈夫確認了他們的12歲的女兒Molly有認知障礙的問題後，她辭掉她的工作，”我回到家中，開始用Google搜尋這個字眼”
She found hundreds of user groups with the word in it, especially on Facebook. So she started her own group challenging Facebook to “stop mocking people with disabilities.” It now has 28,000 members.
她發現成千的群組裡有使用這個字，特別是Facebook。所以她開始組織她自己的群組“停止嘲弄殘疾人”來挑戰Facebook上的這些人 ，目前她有28000的會員。
Jacobs spends about 20 hours a week combing the Web for such sites. When she finds them, she tries to contact the organizers to ask them to take the site down or change the name. Her group members write letters to government officials and to media companies that operate the sites.
Jacobs 每個星期大概花20個小時搜尋這些網站，當她發現了他們，她會試圖連絡這些組織並要求他們拿掉或是改變這些字眼，而她的群組會員寫信給政府官員跟在背後經營這些網站的媒體公司。
“It takes a lot of work,” Jacobs says. “ The goal is that once these groups are reported that Facebook take them down. I try to make the world a better place for Molly.”
“這得花很多功夫” Jacobs說。”我們的目標是一旦這些群組被舉發，Facebook就把他們標記下來” ”為了Molly，我嘗試把這個世界變得更好。”
”But making the virtual world better is a challenge. Facebook takes a long time to respond, and hundreds of groups with the word “retard” remain, she says.
“但讓虛擬世界變得更好是個挑戰，Facebook總花了很長的時間回應，而且成千的群組依舊使用’智障’這個字眼”，她說。
But is it ‘hate speech’?
但這是’惡意言論’嗎？
Facebook sees it differently. Spokesman Simon Axter says complaints about nudity, pornography and harassing personal messages are responded to in 24 hours, but other sites require more scrutiny, and use of the word “retard” isn’t considered hate speech. “Our team has had a lot of discussion about … what is hate speech and where Facebook should be drawing the line,” he says. “The mere use of the word ‘retard’ is not a violation of terms of use.”
Facebook看這件事的角度則有點不一樣。發言人Simon Axter 說關於裸露、色情及騷擾個人的訊息都會在24小時內獲得回應，但其他的則需要仔細的檢視，使用”智障”這個字眼不代表就是惡意的言論。”我們的小組對此曾有著很多的討論….什麼是惡意的言論跟Facebook應該如何定立清楚的界線” 他說 “單單使用’白痴’這字眼並不違反我們的使用規範”
And it’s not a violation for YouTube or Google. But YouTube has created an online safety center in conjunction with the Anti-Defamation League; it explains the effect of hate speech and lets people flag offending sites and videos.
在YouTube或者Google這也不算違反使用規範，但是YouTube有成立的一個與反毀謗聯盟合作的線上安全中心，它說明了惡意言論所帶來的影響並讓使用者可以標記惡意具攻擊性的網站與影片。
“We don’t permit hate speech,” says Scott Rubin, head of global communications and public affairs for Google and YouTube. “What we mean by hate speech is that it attacks or demeans a group based on race or ethnic origin, religion, disability, gender, age, veteran status and sexual orientation or gender identity.”
“我們不允許惡意的言論” Google與YouTube的全球溝通與公共事務負責人Scott Rubin說，”我們指的惡意言論是指針對人種、種族、信仰、殘疾、性別、年紀、退伍軍人、性傾向或性認同所做的攻擊或是貶抑“
Though sites may include offensive words, content is considered hate speech only if comments or videos target a person simply because of his or her membership in a certain group. “There are 20 hours of video uploaded to our site every minute. We don’t prescreen,” Rubin says. “Instead, we count on our community to know the guidelines and to flag videos that they believe violate guidelines.”
雖然網站可能包括了具攻擊性的字眼，但這樣子的內容只有在評論或是影片針對了個人所屬於特定的群組才會被視為惡意的言論。”現在每分鐘會有20個小時的影片上傳到我們的網站”，Rubin說 “取而代之的，我們靠著了解這些規範的社群來標記這些他們認為可能違反了規範的影片。
”In the end, positive speech is the best way to drown out hate speech, says free-speech expert Adam Thierer.
最終，正面的言論是最好的方式來戰勝這些惡意的言論，言論自由的專家Adam Thierer說
“When advocacy groups work together and use the new technology at their disposal, they have a way of signaling out bad speech and bad ideas,” says Thierer, a senior fellow with the Progress and Freedom Foundation. “The Internet is a cultural bazaar. It’s the place to find the best and worst of all human elements on display.”
“當鼓吹組織們開始共同合作，並使用新科技來處理這些問題，他們有自己一套的方法來找出壞言論與壞思想” 進步與自由基金會的資深研究員 Thierer 說 “網際網路就像是一個文化的市集，這個地方可以找到呈現著人性最好與最惡的各種元素”
